MultiTree:

Name: Owyhee of Duck Valley Type: Language Alternate Names: Panamint; Panamint Shoshone; Tümpisa Shoshoni; Koso; Coso; Koso Shoshone; Tümpisa Shoshone; Death Valley; Tümpisa Spoken in: USA Number of speakers: 20. Ethnic population: 100 (1998 J. McLaughlin) (Ethnologue) Number of speakers: 20 (UNESCO) Number of speakers: 20 (World Oral Literature Project) Code: par Code Standard: ISO 639-3 Documentation: SIL Families: Uto-Aztecan (Yuta-Nawan) Parent Subgroup: Numic; Central Numic; Shoshonish Group (cnum) Child Dialects: Panamint; Eastern Panamint; Nevada (par-eas) Panamint; Eastern Panamint; Nevada (par-nev) Timbasha; Western Panamint (par-wes) Eastern Panamint; Timbasha; Tümpisa; Death Valley (par-tim) Brief Description: "Panamint (Tümpisa Shoshone) is the Central Numic language formerly spoken inthe region between the Sierra Nevada in California and the Nevada valleys east of Death Valley. Panamint has two main dialects, although intervening varieties show a gradation between them. Eastern Panamint includes the community around Beatty, Nevada. Western Panamint includes the communities permanently living in Lone Pine and Darwin, California. The Timbisha community in Death Valley and Lone Pine is transitional between Eastern and Western Panamint. There are no monolinguals and no speakers who did not also learn English as small children. The 'pure' Eastern and Western dialects from Lone Pine and Beatty are almost extinct. The majority of no more than 20 speakers speak the Timbisha variety and all are elderly. There are very few, if any, passive speakers since there is a strong tendency to marry outside the tribe." Victor Golla, Atlas of the World's Languages 2007 pg. 21

Endangerment Status

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Linguist List Status: Nearly Extinct UNESCO Status: Critically endangered Ethnologue Status: Nearly Extinct Sutherland's Red List: Critically Endangered